电缆损耗运行成本
升一档电缆截面可节省的能量、费用和 CO2。
Reads AS/NZS 3008.1.2:2017 (NZ) and AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 (AU). Tables checked 24 Sept 2026.
尝试一个工程 4
每项工作都会预填示例数值。请替换为您自己的数值。
- What a size up saves on a feederThe yearly saving of 120 over 95 mm² on a 200 A feeder that never stops.
- Running cost of a heat pump circuitThe energy a 6 mm² heat pump circuit loses a year, against 10 mm².
- Payback of a larger submainHow fast 35 mm² pays back over 25 mm² on a busy 80 m submain.
- CO2 saved by a larger aluminium cableThe kWh and CO2 a year of 120 over 95 mm² aluminium at 150 A.
输入
使用默认输入值的示例计算。
- 管辖区
- NZ · AS/NZS 3008.1.2
- 相
- 三相
- 运行电流，有效值
- 100 A
- 年运行小时数
- 4,000 h
- 路径长度
- 60 m
- 导体
- 铜
- 绝缘
- XLPE 90 °C
- 符合要求的规格
- 35 mm²
- 用于比较的规格
- 50 mm²
- 能源电价
- 0.3 $/kWh
- 排放因子
- 0.1 kg/kWh
- 升一档规格的额外成本
- 800 $
每年节省的费用
$375.84
- 每年节省的能量
- 1,252.8kWh
- 每年节省的 CO2
- 125.3kg
- 额外成本的回收期
- 2.1years
- 每年损耗的能量，35 mm²
- 4,809.6kWh
- 每年损耗的能量，50 mm²
- 3,556.8kWh
此结果仅供设计参考。请对照现行标准进行核验。
计算步骤
- 90 °C 时 35 mm² 的交流电阻0.67Ω/km
AS/NZS 3008.1.2:2017 Table 30 (Xc), Tables 34–35 (Rc) p.98, p.102–103
- 35 mm² 损耗：3 × 100² × R × 60 m1,202.4W
- 35 mm² 每年损耗能量，按 4000 h 计4,809.6kWh
- 35 mm² 每年费用，按每 kWh $0.30 计$1,442.88
- 90 °C 时 50 mm² 的交流电阻0.49Ω/km
AS/NZS 3008.1.2:2017 Table 30 (Xc), Tables 34–35 (Rc) p.98, p.102–103
- 50 mm² 损耗：3 × 100² × R × 60 m889.2W
- 50 mm² 每年损耗能量，按 4000 h 计3,556.8kWh
- 50 mm² 每年费用，按每 kWh $0.30 计$1,067.04
- 每年节省的能量1,252.8kWh
- 每年节省的费用结果$375.84
- 每年节省的 CO2125.3 kg
- 额外成本的回收期2.1 年
关于此计算器
How this is calculated
Every cable turns some of the energy it carries into heat. The loss is the current squared times the resistance of the conductors that carry it. A larger cable has less resistance, so it wastes less. This tool puts a yearly figure on that waste for two sizes, so you can see what the size up saves.
The tool reads the a.c. resistance of each size from AS/NZS 3008.1, in ohms per kilometre, for the conductor metal and insulation you pick. It reads the table at the conductor's full-load temperature. On a single‑phase circuit the current flows out and back, so two conductors carry the loss. On a balanced three‑phase circuit the neutral carries no current, so three do.
The loss in watts is the number of loaded conductors times the current squared times the resistance times the length. The tool multiplies it by the running hours a year to get kWh. The tariff turns kWh into dollars, and the emission factor turns kWh into kilograms of CO2. Both are figures you set from your own contract and grid.
The difference between the two sizes is the saving a year. If you enter what the size up costs over the smaller cable, installed, the tool divides that by the saving to give the payback in years.
Enter the rms current over the running hours, not the mean or the peak. Loss grows with the square of the current, so a cable that runs near full load for long hours gains the most from a size up.
| Step | Table or clause | What it decides |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance of each size | Tables 34 and 35 | The ohms per kilometre at the full-load temperature |
| Loss | n × I² × R × L | The watts each size wastes |
| Energy a year | Loss × running hours | The kWh each size wastes |
| Cost and CO2 | Tariff and emission factor | Dollars and kilograms a year, from your figures |
| Payback | Extra cost ÷ saving a year | The years for the size up to pay for itself |
Worked examples
- A 100 A feeder of 60 m in 35 or 50 mm² XLPE saves $375.84 a year with the size up. That is 1,252.8 kWh a year, and the extra $800 pays back in 2.1 years.
- A 200 A feeder of 120 m that never stops, 95 or 120 mm² saves $1,892.16 a year. That is 6,307.2 kWh a year, and the extra cost pays back in 1.3 years.
- A 25 A heat pump circuit of 40 m in 6 or 10 mm² PVC saves $68.40 a year. That is 228 kWh a year, and the extra cost pays back in 2.2 years.
- A 150 A aluminium feeder of 100 m, 95 or 120 mm² saves $870.75 a year. That is 2,902.5 kWh a year, and the extra cost pays back in 1.7 years.
Limits
The resistance is the table figure at the full-load temperature. A cable at part load runs cooler, so the real loss is a little lower than the tool shows.
The tool does not size the cable. Size it first for current, voltage drop and fault with the cable size tool, then compare the size that passes with the next size up. It does not count the time value of money, a tariff that changes through the day, or harmonic currents, which add loss.
See also: Cable size, Voltage drop and Three phase power.
问题
结果仅供设计参考。请依据现行标准核对。
如何计算电缆中的能量损耗？
将载流导体数乘以电流平方、每米电阻及长度，即得损耗（瓦）。再乘以年运行小时数除以 1000，即得每年 kWh。工具依据 AS/NZS 3008.1 读取电阻。
较大截面的电缆能否节省费用？
较大截面的电缆电阻更小，因此能量损耗更少。对于长距离、长时间承载大电流的线路，节省的费用可在数年内收回多出的电缆成本。对于短距离或使用较少的线路，通常无法收回。
为何损耗为上限值？
工具读取电缆满载温度下的电阻：PVC 为 75 °C，XLPE 为 90 °C。电缆在部分负荷下运行温度较低，电阻也较低，因此实际损耗略少。节省量同样减少，回收期为下限值。
应使用什么电价和排放因子？
请采用您供电合同中的电价，包括与用电时段相符的分时电价。CO2 请采用电网公布的排放因子。二者均为您设定的假设值，AmpSize 均未收录。
这能否替代电缆截面检查？
否。请先用电缆截面工具，按电流、电压降和故障条件选择电缆。然后将能够通过的截面与此处的上一级截面进行比较。
本工具读取的条款和表格
- AS/NZS 3008.1.2:2017 Table 30, 34, 35Reactance at 50 Hz and a.c. resistance at 50 Hz
- AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 Table 30, 34, 35Reactance at 50 Hz and a.c. resistance at 50 Hz
表格最后核对于 24 Sept 2026。
相关工具
- 电缆截面计算器Find the smallest cable size that passes each check.AS/NZS 3008.1.2AS/NZS 3008.1.1AS/NZS 3000
- 电压降计算器Calculate voltage drop on a cable run and check the limit.AS/NZS 3008.1.2AS/NZS 3008.1.1AS/NZS 3000
- 电缆短路耐受计算器Check that a conductor can withstand the fault current.AS/NZS 3008.1.2AS/NZS 3008.1.1AS/NZS 3000
这是否有用？
有问题，或数值看起来有误？联系我们。